Gun FelonyFirearm law encyclopedia

Gun Felony entry

The 1994 Federal Assault Weapons Ban: What It Covered and Why It Expired

Last reviewed: 2026-08-28Topic: History of U.S. Gun Laws
Quick answer

The 1994 federal law restricted manufacture, transfer and possession of specified semiautomatic assault weapons and large-capacity ammunition feeding devices, with grandfathering for items lawfully possessed before enactment. The federal ban expired on September 13, 2004.

The ten-year federal assault-weapons ban remains a major reference point in current debates over state rifle and magazine restrictions.

Why it matters: The 1994 federal law restricted manufacture, transfer and possession of specified semiautomatic assault weapons and large-capacity ammunition feeding devices, with grandfathering for items lawfully possessed before enactment. The federal ban expired on September 13, 2004.

The ban was part of the 1994 crime law

Congress enacted the semiautomatic assault-weapons provisions in the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994.

Grandfathering mattered

The federal law generally did not prohibit continued possession of covered weapons or magazines that were lawfully possessed before the September 13, 1994 enactment date.

The statute included a ten-year sunset

Without extension, the federal provisions expired on September 13, 2004.

State bans can still remain

Expiration of the federal ban did not preempt states from enacting or retaining their own assault-weapon and magazine restrictions.

Where this fits in the larger timeline

This event is part of the History of Gun Laws in America series. Federal firearm law developed incrementally through constitutional amendments, taxation and commerce statutes, criminal prohibitions, background-check legislation and modern Second Amendment decisions.

Frequently asked questions

When did the federal assault weapons ban start?

September 13, 1994.

When did the 1994 assault weapons ban expire?

September 13, 2004.

Did the federal ban confiscate existing assault weapons?

The law grandfathered covered items lawfully possessed before enactment under specified conditions.

Are assault weapons banned federally today?

The 1994 federal ban expired, though other federal weapon rules and various state bans remain.

Sources and legal references