This encyclopedia entry explains Virginia gun laws for people researching felony convictions, prohibited-person rules, firearm purchases and carry, and restoration of gun rights. It uses current nationwide comparison sources but links readers to the official Virginia code because the controlling statute always governs.
Can a felon own a gun in Virginia?
State-law summary: Virginia prohibits firearm possession after felony conviction and certain domestic-violence disabilities. A qualifying person can petition the appropriate circuit court for restoration after civil rights have been restored, subject to statutory requirements.
Virginia also has universal background checks, extreme-risk orders, ghost-gun rules, and generally requires a concealed-handgun permit for concealed carry.
The federal question is separate. 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) generally prohibits firearm and ammunition possession after a qualifying conviction, while 18 U.S.C. § 925(c) provides a federal relief route. The effect of state relief can also require analysis under § 921(a)(20).
Virginia firearm-law snapshot
| Jurisdiction | Virginia (VA) |
|---|---|
| Felony / restoration summary | Virginia prohibits firearm possession after felony conviction and certain domestic-violence disabilities. A qualifying person can petition the appropriate circuit court for restoration after civil rights have been restored, subject to statutory requirements. |
| Concealed carry framework | A state/DC permit generally remains part of lawful concealed carry for qualifying adults. |
| Private-sale background checks | Broad background-check requirement applies to many or all private firearm transfers, subject to exceptions. |
| Purchaser permit / licensing | No general purchaser-license system identified for all ordinary firearm acquisitions; other eligibility checks still apply. |
| Extreme-risk order law | Yes — the jurisdiction has an extreme-risk / firearm-removal order process. |
| Waiting period | No broad statewide waiting period identified for ordinary firearm purchases. |
| Assault-style weapon restrictions | The state regulates specified assault-style firearms but does not use the same broad ban model as the jurisdictions listed with comprehensive bans. |
| Large-capacity magazine restrictions | No broad statewide magazine-capacity limit identified in the current comparison. |
| Privately made / ghost-gun rules | Yes — state law regulates unserialized or privately made firearms beyond baseline federal requirements. |
Policy comparisons summarize broad statewide rules and exceptions. They are not a substitute for the current statute, implementing regulations, litigation status, local rules, or a person’s eligibility.
Official Virginia gun-law sources
- Official Virginia code / legislature source ↗
- ATF State Laws and Published Ordinances — Firearms ↗
- 25 major gun-law court cases
- Can a felon own a gun? Federal + state guide
What is unique about Virginia?
Virginia also has universal background checks, extreme-risk orders, ghost-gun rules, and generally requires a concealed-handgun permit for concealed carry. The table above also shows how Virginia compares on concealed carry, private-sale background checks, purchase licensing, extreme-risk orders, waiting periods, assault-style weapons, magazine capacity, and privately made firearms. Each of those rules has exceptions and definitions that should be verified in the official code.
How to get gun rights back after a felony in Virginia
- Get the exact record. Obtain the judgment, charging statute, offense classification, sentence, discharge date, and every later court or clemency order.
- Apply the Virginia restoration rule. Determine whether the state uses automatic restoration, a waiting period, court petition, pardon, expungement/set-aside, certificate, or another mechanism.
- Check exclusions. Violent, dangerous, weapons, drug, domestic-violence, sex, repeat, or other listed convictions can follow different rules.
- Run the federal analysis. Determine whether § 922(g)(1), § 922(g)(8), § 922(g)(9), or another federal category still applies.
- Resolve federal relief if necessary. Review the DOJ § 925(c) restoration program when the federal disability remains.
Purchase, carry and possession are different questions
A state may allow permitless carry for qualifying adults while still prohibiting a particular person from possessing firearms. Conversely, a state may require purchase permits, waiting periods, background checks or concealed-carry licenses even after a person’s conviction-based disability has been removed. Restoration does not waive ordinary firearm regulations.
Recent court cases that may affect the analysis
Modern Second Amendment litigation is changing quickly. Bruen changed the constitutional test; Rahimi clarified the historical-analogue method; Range, Williams, Diaz, Duarte, Zherka, Vincent, and Dubois show differing appellate approaches to felony firearm challenges; and the Supreme Court’s 2026 Hemani decision narrowed § 922(g)(3) without deciding § 922(g)(1). See the case library for full entries.