This encyclopedia entry explains New York gun laws for people researching felony convictions, prohibited-person rules, firearm purchases and carry, and restoration of gun rights. It uses current nationwide comparison sources but links readers to the official New York code because the controlling statute always governs.
Can a felon own a gun in New York?
State-law summary: New York restricts firearm possession after felony conviction and designated “serious offenses.” Depending on the conviction, relief can involve a Certificate of Relief from Disabilities, Certificate of Good Conduct, court action, or executive clemency; some violent felony categories are more restrictive.
New York also has extensive licensing, background-check, assault-weapon, magazine, registration/record, and extreme-risk rules.
The federal question is separate. 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) generally prohibits firearm and ammunition possession after a qualifying conviction, while 18 U.S.C. § 925(c) provides a federal relief route. The effect of state relief can also require analysis under § 921(a)(20).
New York firearm-law snapshot
| Jurisdiction | New York (NY) |
|---|---|
| Felony / restoration summary | New York restricts firearm possession after felony conviction and designated “serious offenses.” Depending on the conviction, relief can involve a Certificate of Relief from Disabilities, Certificate of Good Conduct, court action, or executive clemency; some violent felony categories are more restrictive. |
| Concealed carry framework | A state/DC permit generally remains part of lawful concealed carry for qualifying adults. |
| Private-sale background checks | Broad background-check requirement applies to many or all private firearm transfers, subject to exceptions. |
| Purchaser permit / licensing | A purchase permit, owner license, eligibility credential, or comparable state requirement applies to at least some firearm acquisitions. |
| Extreme-risk order law | Yes — the jurisdiction has an extreme-risk / firearm-removal order process. |
| Waiting period | No broad statewide waiting period identified for ordinary firearm purchases. |
| Assault-style weapon restrictions | Yes — specified assault-style weapons are banned or substantially restricted. |
| Large-capacity magazine restrictions | Yes — state/DC law limits or prohibits specified large-capacity magazines. |
| Privately made / ghost-gun rules | Yes — state law regulates unserialized or privately made firearms beyond baseline federal requirements. |
Policy comparisons summarize broad statewide rules and exceptions. They are not a substitute for the current statute, implementing regulations, litigation status, local rules, or a person’s eligibility.
Official New York gun-law sources
- Official New York code / legislature source ↗
- ATF State Laws and Published Ordinances — Firearms ↗
- 25 major gun-law court cases
- Can a felon own a gun? Federal + state guide
What is unique about New York?
New York also has extensive licensing, background-check, assault-weapon, magazine, registration/record, and extreme-risk rules. The table above also shows how New York compares on concealed carry, private-sale background checks, purchase licensing, extreme-risk orders, waiting periods, assault-style weapons, magazine capacity, and privately made firearms. Each of those rules has exceptions and definitions that should be verified in the official code.
How to get gun rights back after a felony in New York
- Get the exact record. Obtain the judgment, charging statute, offense classification, sentence, discharge date, and every later court or clemency order.
- Apply the New York restoration rule. Determine whether the state uses automatic restoration, a waiting period, court petition, pardon, expungement/set-aside, certificate, or another mechanism.
- Check exclusions. Violent, dangerous, weapons, drug, domestic-violence, sex, repeat, or other listed convictions can follow different rules.
- Run the federal analysis. Determine whether § 922(g)(1), § 922(g)(8), § 922(g)(9), or another federal category still applies.
- Resolve federal relief if necessary. Review the DOJ § 925(c) restoration program when the federal disability remains.
Purchase, carry and possession are different questions
A state may allow permitless carry for qualifying adults while still prohibiting a particular person from possessing firearms. Conversely, a state may require purchase permits, waiting periods, background checks or concealed-carry licenses even after a person’s conviction-based disability has been removed. Restoration does not waive ordinary firearm regulations.
Recent court cases that may affect the analysis
Modern Second Amendment litigation is changing quickly. Bruen changed the constitutional test; Rahimi clarified the historical-analogue method; Range, Williams, Diaz, Duarte, Zherka, Vincent, and Dubois show differing appellate approaches to felony firearm challenges; and the Supreme Court’s 2026 Hemani decision narrowed § 922(g)(3) without deciding § 922(g)(1). See the case library for full entries.