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Federal Gun Laws

Last reviewed: 2026-08-28
Quick answer

Federal law can independently prohibit a person with a qualifying conviction from possessing firearms or ammunition. Start with 18 U.S.C. §§ 921, 922(g), 924 and 925(c), then analyze any separate state restriction.

Federal firearm law is centered in Title 18, Chapter 44 of the U.S. Code. For felony-related questions, the most commonly researched provisions include 18 U.S.C. §§ 921, 922(g), 924 and 925(c).

Core federal firearm statutes

Statute Why it matters
18 U.S.C. § 921 ↗ Definitions, including how certain convictions are treated for Chapter 44.
18 U.S.C. § 922(g) Major prohibited-person categories, including qualifying felony convictions.
18 U.S.C. § 924 Penalties for federal firearm offenses, including the 15-year maximum for knowing § 922(g) violations and ACCA.
18 U.S.C. § 925(c) Application for relief from federal firearm disabilities.

Federal and state law can overlap

A person can be allowed to possess under state law yet remain federally prohibited, or vice versa. Restoration analysis therefore starts by identifying the source of the conviction and the source of each disability.

Knowledge requirement

In Rehaif v. United States, the Supreme Court held that in a § 922(g) prosecution the government must prove the defendant knew of the status that made firearm possession unlawful. This does not mean a person must know the law itself; the legal question is more specific and case-dependent.

Constitutional litigation

Second Amendment challenges to prohibited-person laws continue after Bruen and Rahimi. Lower courts have not adopted a single uniform approach to every as-applied § 922(g)(1) challenge, so current circuit precedent matters.

Frequently asked questions

What federal law makes it illegal for a felon to possess a gun?

The primary federal provision is 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1), which applies to a person convicted of a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year, subject to statutory definitions and exceptions.

Does federal law prohibit ammunition too?

Yes. Section 922(g) addresses firearms and ammunition.

Can federal gun rights be restored?

Federal law authorizes relief under 18 U.S.C. § 925(c). DOJ announced a final rule and staged restoration process on August 17, 2026.

Does a state pardon automatically remove a federal ban?

Not automatically in every case. The effect of a pardon or other relief requires analysis of 18 U.S.C. § 921(a)(20), the terms of the relief, and applicable law.

Sources and legal references