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Felony Possession of a Firearm: Elements, Defenses and Sentencing

Last reviewed: 2026-08-28Topic: Court Cases & Sentencing
Quick answer

“Felony possession of a firearm” usually describes firearm possession by a person whose prior conviction makes possession unlawful. Federal prosecutions commonly use 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1), while states have separate prohibited-person statutes with different elements, restoration rules, and penalties.

“Felony possession of a firearm” usually describes firearm possession by a person whose prior conviction makes possession unlawful. Federal prosecutions commonly use 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1), while states have separate prohibited-person statutes with different elements, restoration rules, and penalties.

Federal felon in possession elements

A federal § 922(g)(1) case generally requires proof of possession, the required interstate-commerce nexus, and a qualifying conviction. After Rehaif, the government also must prove knowledge of the relevant prohibited status.

Actual and constructive possession

Possession can be direct physical custody or constructive possession based on power and intent to exercise control. Vehicles, bedrooms, safes, shared homes, and jointly occupied spaces can create fact-intensive disputes.

Federal sentencing

A standard knowing § 922(g) conviction carries up to 15 years under § 924(a)(8). Sentencing Guidelines §2K2.1 and criminal history can substantially affect the advisory range, and ACCA can impose a 15-year mandatory minimum when its criteria are met.

State felon-in-possession laws

Some state statutes are broader or narrower than federal law and may have their own waiting periods, offense lists, possession definitions, and restoration processes.

Use the 50-state directory

Firearm eligibility is unusually dependent on jurisdiction. Review the individual page for every state and the District of Columbia for restoration rules, carry and acquisition policy comparisons, official code links, and state-specific keyword FAQs.

Read the major court cases

Current firearm law is changing through litigation. The 25-case library covers Bruen, Rahimi, Hemani, Wolford, recent § 922(g)(1) circuit cases, ACCA sentencing, purchaser licensing, sensitive places, magazine limits, ghost guns, age limits, and other decisions affecting the answer.

Frequently asked questions

What is felony possession of a firearm?

It generally means firearm possession by a person disqualified because of a qualifying conviction, under federal or state law.

What must the government prove in a federal felon-in-possession case?

Among other elements, the government must prove possession and that the defendant knew of the relevant prohibited status, as required by Rehaif.

Can constructive possession support a felony gun charge?

Yes. Federal law does not require the firearm to be found in the defendant’s hand or pocket if the evidence establishes constructive possession.

What is the federal sentence for felony possession of a firearm?

A standard knowing § 922(g) violation has a 15-year statutory maximum; ACCA can create a 15-year mandatory minimum in qualifying cases.

Sources and legal references